Total 15,522 job vacancies in Singapore

Business Development Executive (Paper & Printing industry)

5 days, 9am-6pm

Salary: $4000 - $5000, negotiable depends on experience

Location: SIF Building, Singapore 068899 (Shenton Way)

Job scope:

Business Development & Market Expansion:

• Identify and develop new business opportunities across printers, converters, packaging companies, and brand owners
• Build and maintain strong relationships with key decision-makers and stakeholders
• Actively promote company’s portfolio of paper and board products into target market segments
• Drive specification of products into brand and packaging projects

Pre-Sales & Technical Consultation:

• Engage customers to understand their application needs (printing, packaging, branding, sustainability goals)
• Recommend suitable paper and board grades based on performance, cost, and end-use requirements
• Provide technical support on printability, runnability, and conversion performance
• Work closely with mills and internal teams to align product offerings with customer requirements

Market Intelligence & Strategy:

• Gather insights on market trends, pricing, competitor activity, and customer needs
• Support product positioning and go-to-market strategies
• Identify opportunities for new product introductions or exclusive representations

Marketing & Industry Engagement:

• Support marketing activities including product launches, presentations, and customer workshops
• Participate in industry events, exhibitions, and trade shows to promote company’s offerings
• Assist in developing sales materials and solution-based presentations

Requirements:

• Minimum 3–5 years of experience in the print, paper, packaging, or board industry
• Strong understanding of:

Paper and board grades (coated, uncoated, folding boxboard, etc.)

Printing processes (offset, digital, flexo, gravure)

Packaging and branding applications

• Existing network within printers, converters, or brand owners is highly advantageous

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Senior Design Engineer

• Working Location: 609935 (Jurong East)
• Working Days: Monday - Friday
• Working Hours: 8:30am - 5:15pm
• Salary range: SGD 5,500 to SGD 7,500 monthly, 13th month, SGD 250 transport allowance

Basic Functions

Specialize in customization on electrical design work related to diesel generator sets, synchronizing system, switchgears, controllers and associated equipment. Design drawings, BOM for factory production fabricating. Preparing documentation for approval. Integration with other equipment industry, such as generators protection, switchgears, BMS, etc.

Specific Responsibilities

1. Design & produce electrical drawings, BOM and documentation for factory production
2. Understands the ISO standards and various regions standards for design considerations
3. Works closely with procurement to engage and qualify suppliers and parts
4. Works closely with manufacturing team in the electrical installations of the product and ensures smooth flow in the production line
5. Have good understanding of generator controller and alternator working concepts
6. Works closely with Industrial Solutions and sales to understand the design requirements and provide timely response to tender submission
7. Support in testing and validation of design including parameter optimization for controllers, governors, AVR, PLCs, HMI 
8. Design & Program various controllers, PLCs, HMI if necessary
9. Provides on-site and remote troubleshooting support if needed
10. Lead in continuous improvement projects to reduce costs and improve work efficiency
11. Assists in managing, training, developing and mentoring junior engineers, ensure standard engineering practice among the engineers

Qualifications / Requirements

• Degree in Electrical Engineering with 7-8 years of relevant experience; or
• Diploma in Electrical Engineering with 10-12 years of relevant experience
• Required to be skilled in SEE Electrical.
• Experience in process change management tools and methodologies
• Specialized skills or subject matter expert in electrical related field will be an advantage 
• Knowledge in PLC electrical design, controllers, generators, switchgears and transformers

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Project Manager

Work Location: Changi

Project Office at 33 Maude Rd, Singapore 208344 (Lavender area)

Working days: 5.5 days 8am to 5pm, alt sat full day

Salary: $8000 to $13000 (depends on experience)

Requirement

• Masters/Degree in Civil & Engineering or equivalent, recognized universities under the BCA is a plus.
• Minimum 10 years of Experience.
• Experience in Civil Works, Dredging, revetment, construction of pier/wharf.
• Proficient in Microsoft Office, MS Project, Primavera and AutoCAD.

Job scope

• Carry out project planning, scheduling, cost control, good documentation system and project management.
• Meet with clients to take detailed ordering briefs and clarify specific requirements of each project.
• Responsible to participate in the contract review to evaluate company’s capability to fulfil contract order requirements that include involvement in the tender clarification meeting with the prospective client.
• Ensure that all aspects meet the government regulations and standards, including safety of works, inspections and testing of equipment and machinery, training needs of staff.
• Control and monitor work progress and ensure work quality.
• Oversee the effective management of project activities to assure timely delivery and low wastage.
• Overall planning and controlling of the cost of project execution.
• Manage and lead a group of engineers and construction managers.
• Overall co-ordination of the work progress of large and complex projects.
• Co-ordination with other departments on issues affecting project work.
• Liaise with government/statutory authorities, consultants, clients, suppliers etc.
• Provide timely project progress reporting to management.
• Attending project execution meetings.
• Responsible for application for the required consent / permits from the relevant statutory board or regulatory body – e.g. Port Singapore Authority (PSA), ministry of manpower.
• Detect project problems and ensure effective corrective measures are executed.
• Other ad-hoc duties required to carry out.

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Warehouse Coordinator (Cold room)

5.5 days, 8:30am-5:30pm; Sat 8:30am-12:30pm

Salary: $2500 - $3000

Location: 39 Fishery Port Road, Singapore 619745

Responsibilities:

• Oversee the receipt, storage and distribution of goods, ensuring accurate inventory levels and stock control procedures.
• Prepare & maintain detailed reports on warehouse activities and inventory levels, providing regular updates to management.
• Daily/monthly stock take to reconcile actual inventory with system’s record.
• Preferably with experience in storage of food factory/food industry.
• Adhoc duties as assigned by Manager.

 Job Requirements:

• Min. ‘O’ Levels or related qualifications with at least 1-5 years’ working experience
• Computer literate 
• Able to carry weight of 20kg per carton
• Able to start work immediately or within short notice

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Quantity Surveyor

• Location: Ubi
• Working Hours: Monday – Friday | 9am – 630pm
• Salary: $2800 - $3500 [depending on experience]

Roles & Responsibilities

• To do measurement & pricing on tender for any project of company.
• To coordinate and attend Client & Consultant meeting and other relevant parties for smooth Progress Claim & VO for the project.
• Any other works and task directed by your Superiors.
• Participated the weekly site meeting with sub-contractor and supplier for smooth the execution of works and make sure sub-contractor and supplier complete theirs works and tasks under the agreed contract signed.
• Tabulate all relevant costing based on site by site with keep a master file at head quarter office.
• Negotiate with sub-contractor and supplier to ensure quotation or pricing given are under project budget.

Requirements:

• Degree in Quantity Surveyor or Construction
• Min 2 years of experience in QS
• Prefer to have experience in calculating tendering

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Staff Nurse (O&G/IVF)

• Location: Orchard - Mount Elizabeth
• Salary: $3500 - $5000
• Working Days & Hours: 5.5 Days (Mon-Fri – 9am – 6pm; Sat 9am – 1pm)

Job Descriptions:

• General Nursing duties.
• Responsible for smooth clinic operations.
• Assisting O&G doctor in consultation rooms.
• Assist doctor in Operation Theatre.
• Counselling patients on preparation for surgery & procedures.
• Assist in basic tests and clinical procedures in clinic. Maintain patient’s medical history, vital statistics, and information in medical records.
• Provide General administrative duties and ad-hoc duties as assigned.

Requirements:

• Diploma/ Degree in Nursing
• At least 2 years of nursing experience either in clinic/ hospital Must be registered with Singapore Nursing Board

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Chef (Spanish cuisine)

5 days work week, 10am-9pm with 2 hours break

Salary: $2700-$2800 + OT + AWS + Incentives + Bonus

Location: Guoco Tower, Tanjong Pagar

Job Description:

• Food Preparation: Prepare and cook dishes according to the restaurant's recipes and standards, ensuring consistency and quality.
• Kitchen Supervision: Oversee and coordinate junior kitchen staff, ensuring they follow procedures and maintain cleanliness.
• Inventory Management: Monitor stock levels, order supplies, and manage inventory to ensure ingredients are fresh and available.
• Menu Development: Assist in creating new dishes and updating the menu to keep it current and appealing.
• Quality Control: Ensure all dishes meet the restaurant's standards for taste, presentation, and hygiene.
• Health and Safety Compliance: Adhere to and enforce food safety and sanitation regulations within the kitchen.
• Collaboration: Work closely with other chefs and kitchen staff to ensure smooth kitchen operations and efficient service.

Requirements:

• With cook experience in Spanish cuisine is preferred

Cheong Yeat Long | R25145358

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA 14C7279

Job Description & Requirements

* Responsible for food preparation and cooking to standard operating procedures;

* Ensure smooth operations and allocation of duties within the kitchen;

* Ensure that all orders are fulfilled in a timely manner and to expected standards;

* Attend to kitchen-related duties stock- checking and inventory and ordering;

* Practice and ensure good hygiene and housekeeping standards within the kitchen;

* Ensure food is stored, prepare and presented in a safe and hygiene manner;

* Uphold high standards of food quality to ensure customer satisfaction.

Requirements：

* Profound knowledge of different kinds of beverages

* Deep knowledge of every aspect of Chinese dishes

* Ability to manage numerous tasks, assign responsibilities and display high patience

* Able to work night shift

Project Engineer (Electrical & Electronics)

Working Days:Mon- Fri 9am-6pm, Saturday 9am-1pm

Location: Nearest Kovan MRT

Salary: $2800 to 3500

Job Scope:

• Read and draw circuit diagrams
• Wiring, soldering, and basic assembly work
• Work with sensors, motors, and solenoid valves
• Support PLC and basic PC programming (e.g. C#)
• Assist in testing, troubleshooting, and project implementation
• Willing to work in a cleanroom environment

Requirements:

• Diploma/Degree in Electrical & Electronics or related field
• Basic knowledge of electronics and automation systems
• Training Provided

✅Interested personnel kindly send your CV to WhatsApp: https://wa.me/65 88567364(Ethan)

Han Meng Zhuo | Reg No: R25138931

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd | EA No: 14C7279

Position: Semiconductor Technician
Salary: $1800 - $2800
Working Days: 5 days (8:30am – 5:30pm ) 
Location: Office (Tampines) / Client site (Woodland)

Job Description & Requirements

• To perform preventive maintenance of Semiconductor tool
• Require handle with care for all the parts
• Working at least 6 to 8 hours inside cleanroom
• To follow procedure of installation and replacement of heavy machinery parts
• To perform workplace 6S audit daily
• To assist on Minor PM/ Major PM/ Tube Clean/ Main heater change PM etc in term of logistic task
• To perform sub fab audit (Include tool health for UPS, Scrubber etc)
• Training will be provided on site

Email: supreme.jacksontan@gmail.com

Tan Yong Zhi (Jackson) | Reg: R24124461

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte. Ltd | EA No: 14C7279

English Language Preschool Teacher

• Working Days: Mon-Fri
• Working hours : 44 hours per week
• Location: Bukit Timah/ Suntec/ Aljunied/ Boon Keng/ East Coast/ Katong/ Bedok/ Choa Chu Kang/ Paya Lebar/ Toa Payoh/ Novena/ Pasir Ris/ Tanah Merah/ Geylang/ Yishun/ Thomson/ Newton (Islandwide location available too!)

KEY RESPONSIBILITIES:

• Plan and deliver English language lessons in accordance with the organisation’s curriculum framework

• Create a secure and quality learning environment for the children through nurturing trusting and respectful relationships with them.
• Enrich children’s learning by co-designing and implementing a developmentally and culturally appropriate curriculum, while integrating innovative teaching and learning practices.
• Proactive and intentional in strengthening partnerships with families and the community, and co-design collaborative efforts with colleagues and stakeholders to achieve this goal.
• Guide the junior educators in enhancing their professional practice.
• Provide suggestions, ideas to improve professional development in the preschool, while also contributing to the preschool's culture of collaboration and collegiality.
  
  REQUIREMENTS

• Diploma or Certificate in Early Childhood Care and Education – Teaching (DECCE-T or FECCE)
• Experience in the Early Childhood is an added advantage

WhatsApp me your resume for quicker processing! ☺️

WhatsApp: https://wa.me/6584067823 (Shiro)

SHEE YOKE RU|R26161758 | The Supreme Hr Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Graduation Operations Executive (Photo Studio)
Salary: $2650 - $3000
Working Days: 5 days, 10am - 8pm 
Location: Potong Pasir

Responsibilities:

• Prepare materials and items required for graduation ceremonies
• Oversee on-site graduation event operations, including ensuring a smooth robing process for graduates and academic staff
• Assist in preparing customers for their photo shoot (i.e wearing of graduation gowns, fitting of blazers and ties for male family members)
• Coordinate appointment scheduling and follow-up calls or messages with customers
• Deliver exceptional customer service with professionalism and enthusiasm
• Support in post-event packing and inventory tracking of graduation attire and accessories
• Maintain accurate records of gown issuance, returns and damages
• Handle walk-in and appointment-based customers, ensuring efficient queue and time management

Requirements:

• With prior experience in retail operations is preferred

Email: supreme.jacksontan@gmail.com

Tan Yong Zhi (Jackson) | Reg: R24124461

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte. Ltd | EA No: 14C7279

Enrolled Nurse

Salary: $2000 - $3500
Working Days: Mon - Fri | 8am – 5.30pm
Working Location: Bukit Batok Street 

Responsibilities

• Develop nursing care plan and assessment 
• Administer medication or assist with medication administration for clients and ensure proper documentation 
• Perform basic nursing procedures such as wound dressing, blood glucose monitoring 
• Maintain accurate nursing records and documentation 
• Adhere to infection control, workplace safety, and emergency procedures. 
• Report incidents, or abnormal findings promptly 
• Assist clients with activities of daily living (ADLs), including toileting, feeding, mobility, and personal hygiene where necessary 
• Supervise care staff 
• Participate in case discussions and team meetings 
• Communicate effectively with caregiver, multidisciplinary teams, and external healthcare providers 
• Support centre activities and encourage social interaction among clients 
• Ensure a safe, clean, and comfortable environment for clients 
• Asist in stock management of medical supplies and consumables
• Support centre operation and administrative tasks when required 
• Participate in training and continuous quality improvement initiatives 

Requirements:

• Minimum NITEC in Nursing or equivalent recognised nursing qualification 
• Registered with the Singapore Nursing Board with Valid Practicing certificate 
• Relevant experience in geriatric, community, or eldercare nursing preferred 
• Possess valid Basic Cardiac Life Support (BCLS) certification

WhatsApp me your resume for quicker processing! ☺️

WhatsApp: https://wa.me/6584067823 (Shiro)

SHEE YOKE RU|R26161758 | The Supreme Hr Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Taxation Accountant / Manager

Working Days: 5 Day A week
Working hours: 8:00am-5:00pm or 9:00am-6:00pm
Working Location: Pandan Road Singapore 609271
Salary: $4000 above 
Company Transport will be provided when candidate choose 8:00am-5:00pm working hours.

Responsibilities

• Oversee all tax compliance matters, including corporate income tax, withholding tax, indirect taxes, and transfer pricing.
• Prepare and/or review annual tax returns, ensuring full compliance with applicable tax laws and regulations.
• Prepare and review monthly tax provisions and tax accounting reports, including deferred tax computations.
• Conduct tax research and identify opportunities for tax planning and process improvements.
• Liaise with relevant authorities on tax-related queries, audits, and investigations.
• Provide advice and support on tax compliance requirements and implications as needed.
• Review and advise on tax-related clauses in contracts, including project tenders and procurement agreements.
• Stay updated on new tax legislation and regulatory changes, ensuring timely implementation and compliance.
• Perform ad-hoc duties and tasks as assigned.

Requirement:

• Minimum 5 years of relevant experience in taxation, customs, and finance.
• Candidates with over 5 years of tax experience in commercial or professional firms are preferred.
• Prior experience in audit or tax firms is an advantage.
• Background in tax consultancy is highly desirable.
• Degree in Business, Accounting, or a related field.
• Knowledge of Singapore and Indonesia tax regulations is preferred.
• Proficient in Microsoft Excel.

WhatsApp me your resume for quicker processing! ☺️

WhatsApp: https://wa.me/6584067823 (Shiro)

SHEE YOKE RU|R26161758 | The Supreme Hr Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Location: Alps Avenue Singapore(Changi)
Working hours: Mon-Fri: 9:00am-5:30pm, Alternate Sat: 9:00am – 1:00pm
Salary: $5,000 – $7,000

The Import Customer Service Manager supports the leadership of the Airfreight Customer Service team, ensuring smooth end-to-end import customer service operations. The role also involves effective stakeholder management, coordinating with internal departments, customers, and external partners to ensure seamless service delivery.

Responsibilities:

• Team Supervision: Leading, coaching, and supporting the Airfreight Import Customer Service team, ensuring staff manage end-to-end import processes efficiently.
• Operational Oversight: Monitor daily import activities, including shipment documentation, coordination with carriers, customs compliance, billing, and job closure. Ensure adherence to established processes and service standards.
• Process Support & Improvement: Identify operational bottlenecks, implementing process improvements, and support initiatives to enhance workflow efficiency.
• Performance Monitoring: Track team performance against SLAs and KPIs, provide feedback, and escalate issues to the Manager as needed.
• Customer Service Support: Handle complex import-related customer inquiries and serve as a point of escalation for service issues when required.
• Cross-Functional Collaboration: Coordinate with Airfreight Operations, Customs, and other departments to ensure smooth execution of import shipments.
• Policy & Procedure Compliance: Support the development and implementation of import customer service policies and ensure staff compliance with internal procedures and regulatory requirements.

Requirements:

• Supervisory experience in airfreight import customer service and billing.
• Strong understanding of airfreight import processes, documentation, and customs requirements.
• Previous hands-on experience using Cargowise system

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte. Ltd || 14C7279

Chua Jie Ying (Cai Jie Ying), Evelynn || EA Personnel License R24120580

Position: Senior Key Account Manager – IT Logistics 
Salary: $5,000 – $6,000 
Working Hours: Mon – Fri | 9am - 6pm
Location: Telok Ayer

Responsibilities 

• Own the portfolio of IT vertical accounts end-to-end on the commercial side: relationships, rates, scope, escalations and growth. 
• Receive newly won accounts from the business development team and onboard them properly – quickly assigning ownership, introducing the team, and putting a maintenance plan in place. 
• Grow accounts through lane expansion, new geographies and value-added scope-ups (IOR/EOR, ITAD). 
• Identify and pursue opportunities within your book. 
• Protect margins and cash. 
• Quote with discipline, manage scope creep, keep an eye on billing and ageing receivables on accounts. 
• Flag anything that risks profitability or collection. 
• Work closely with the SOE and operations teams on quotations and execution.
• Forecast, report & maintain visibility on revenue, pipeline conversion and expected workload for own accounts.

Requirements

• 5 years in account management within freight forwarding, logistics or supply chain.
• Experience managing customer accounts directly, including commercial discussions, service issues, escalation handling and follow-up with key stakeholders.
• Experience handling freight/logistics quotations, rate negotiation, margin management, contract terms and commercial pricing discussions.

Email: supreme.jacksontan@gmail.com

Tan Yong Zhi (Jackson) | Reg: R24124461

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte. Ltd | EA No: 14C7279

Position Title: Account Executive 
Working Days: Mon - Fri
Working Hours:  9am- 6pm
Location: Ubi
Salary : $3,000(basic) + Incentives

Interested applicants can also send your resume to WA:+65 8839 3566 (Ms Angel)  and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Job Description: 

Client and relationship:

• Act as a point of contact for the clients on their day to day affairs, with supervision where necessary, and ensure that all communication, whether written or spoken in a professional manner;
• Maintain good relationship with clients
• Respond to and deal with client queries in a professional and timely manner
• Ensure that the manager is kept up to date with any issues arising from the client or its activities
  
  Service provision:
• Prepare financial data for entry into the accounting system
• Ensure all receipts are updated in the accounting system on timely basis
• Handle the banking of cheques into bank accounts on timely basis
• Handle accounts receivables and accounts payables
• Prepare bank reconciliation and audit schedules
• Prepare monthly payslips for payroll purpose
• Handle account closing up to the monthly trial balance, income statement and balance sheet
• Handle quarterly Goods and Services Tax filing
• Handle corporate secretarial documents and annual return filing
• Compilation of accounts or reports (preparation of unaudited report)
• Liaising with external auditor
• Handle corporate tax computation and tax return filing

Requirements

• Minimum Diploma/Degree in Accountancy/Finance;
• At least 3 years of professional firm experience will be an advantage.
• Proficient in preparing accounts using Excel and accounting software (e.g., Xero, SQL, etc.)
  
  
  
• LIEW ONN KEE REG NO : R22108518
• THE SUPREME HR ADVISORY EA NO:14C7279 

Position Title: Account Executive 
Working Days: Mon - Fri
Working Hours:  9am- 6pm
Location: Ubi
Salary : $3,000(basic) + Incentives

Job Description: 

Client and relationship:

• Act as a point of contact for the clients on their day to day affairs, with supervision where necessary, and ensure that all communication, whether written or spoken in a professional manner;
• Maintain good relationship with clients
• Respond to and deal with client queries in a professional and timely manner
• Ensure that the manager is kept up to date with any issues arising from the client or its activities
  
  Service provision:
• Prepare financial data for entry into the accounting system
• Ensure all receipts are updated in the accounting system on timely basis
• Handle the banking of cheques into bank accounts on timely basis
• Handle accounts receivables and accounts payables
• Prepare bank reconciliation and audit schedules
• Prepare monthly payslips for payroll purpose
• Handle account closing up to the monthly trial balance, income statement and balance sheet
• Handle quarterly Goods and Services Tax filing
• Handle corporate secretarial documents and annual return filing
• Compilation of accounts or reports (preparation of unaudited report)
• Liaising with external auditor
• Handle corporate tax computation and tax return filing

Requirements

• Minimum Diploma/Degree in Accountancy/Finance;
• At least 3 years of professional firm experience will be an advantage.
• Proficient in preparing accounts using Excel and accounting software (e.g., Xero, SQL, etc.)

If you are keen to apply, please send me your resume and job applied for on WhatsApp at 9789 3505 or email me at anabel.thesupreme@gmail.com (˶ᵔ ᵕ ᵔ˶)

❄️Anabel Boon Xue Qi | Recruitment Consultant (R25159272) |

Account Executive (General Ledger)

• Working Days: 5 Days Work Week
• Monday – Friday: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM

Salary Range: SGD 3,500 – SGD 4,500

Working location: Gul Circle

Job Responsibilities

General Accounting & Financial Operations

• Handle full sets of accounts, including daily accounting and finance functions such as accounts receivable (AR), accounts payable (AP), general ledger (GL), tax matters, and bank reconciliations.
• Ensure accuracy and completeness of general ledger accounts and support month-end and year-end closing processes.
• Prepare monthly journal entries and accounting adjustments for closing activities.
• Review and validate supplier costing information.
• Support accounts receivable and billing activities, including billing administration when required.
• Perform reconciliations for e-wallet transactions (e.g. Alipay), intercompany balances, aging reports, GST, and bank accounts.

Tax & Compliance

• Assist with tax compliance matters, including the preparation and submission of tax-related documentation.
• Ensure financial records and accounting processes are maintained in accordance with applicable accounting and tax requirements.

Audit & Reporting

• Liaise with external auditors, tax agents, and relevant regulatory authorities as required.
• Support audit exercises by preparing documentation and responding to audit-related requirements.

Process Improvement & Projects

• Participate in finance-related process enhancement, automation, and digitalisation initiatives.
• Carry out other accounting and administrative duties as assigned.

Job Requirements

• Minimum Diploma in Accounting, Finance, or a related discipline.
• At least 3 years of relevant working experience in accounting and finance.
• Knowledge of accounting standards, principles, and financial reporting processes.
• Experience in managing full sets of accounts, general ledger functions, reconciliations, and month-end closing activities.