Total 13,756 Others/Any job vacancies

Responsibilities

• Supervise Architecture and C&S works and report to Senior Resident Architect (SRA) & Resident Architect (RA), to project completion and handover, ensuring compliance with regulations & client requirements.
• ARCHI RTO with background knowledge and experience on supervision of Architecture and C&S works
• Report to the Senior Resident Architect (SRA) and Resident Architect (RA) and ensure work carried out in accordance with the approved drawings and specifications
• Facade inspection and attend site walk with Owner and Consultants
• Highlight any critical issues, discrepancies and non-conformances/irregularities.
• Assist in the review of Main Contractor’s shop drawings, material submissions, method statements, trade demos etc.
• Assist the SRA and RA to prepare, maintain and update site report and records on project progress
• Monitor, report and assess site progress and quality standards
• Ensure the Contractors maintain safety, cleanliness and tidiness of work on-site

Requirements

• Possess a Diploma in Architecture, Building Service or related disciplines from recognized tertiary institution
• Minimum 10 years of relevant practical experience in full-time site supervision of Building works, architectural elements and finishing works for building construction sites in Singapore
• Experience in glass curtain wall & precast panel facade preferred
• Accredited Resident Technical Officer (RTO) with IES
• Conversant in building statutory codes and requirements
• Familiar with BCA CONQUAS and Quality Marks assessment and Safety aspects in the construction industry

Interested and suitable candidate kindly click quick apply. Resume will be routed to Jasmine Chin Yan Min. We regret that only suitable candidate will be notified.

GEMS Recruit/EA License: 23C1459 (https://gemsrecruit.com/)

EA Personnel No: R1442379 (Jasmine Chin Yan Min)

• Well Established Company
• Basic: $4000 to $6000 + AWS + VB (3 to 4 months)
• Working Location: Hougang
• Working Hours: Monday to Friday (8:30am to 5:30pm)
• SCADA, PLC, and Automation System

Job Responsibilities:

• Lead the design, configuration, and integration of SCADA, PLC, and automation systems for various projects.
• Oversee the commissioning, testing, and troubleshooting of control systems and applications.
• Collaborate with cross-functional teams and clients to gather system requirements and provide customized solutions.
• Provide on-site technical support and troubleshooting for system issues.
• Monitor and maintain system performance, ensuring minimal downtime and optimal functionality.
• Assist in project planning, resource allocation, and cost control to meet project deadlines and budgets.
• Ensure compliance with relevant industry standards and protocols in all engineering processes.
• Train and mentor junior engineers and technicians in SCADA/PLC systems.
• Develop and maintain documentation related to system configurations, test plans, and maintenance protocols.

Qualifications:

• Bachelor's Degree in Electrical/Electronics Engineering, Automation, Mechatronics or a related field.
• At least 5 years of experience in SCADA, PLC, and automation systems.
• Proficiency in SCADA protocols, PLC programming, and related control systems.

Candidates are encouraged to apply this position via Apply Now button with the following information in the resume

• Work experiences and job responsibilities
• Current and Expected salary
• Reason for leaving
• Date of availability
• Education background

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be contacted.

NG DIAUM YEE (R2198031)

EA Recruitment Pte Ltd

EA License No: 21C0492

Responsibilites:

• Integrate and use specific industry and technical delivery methodologies, e.g., project management methodologies based on the Project Management Institute (PMI), Red Hat Services project management methodology, system and software development, agile methodologies such as Scrum.
• Drive project planning, scheduling, monitoring, and reporting activities for Red Hat Services projects.
• Manage project requirements, scope, timelines and perform regular customer cadences
• Establish appropriate metrics for measuring key project criteria; develop project control and reporting procedures and manage changes in operational plans
• Manage project requirements and scope/change management issues
• Develop and effectively present and communicate content
• Plan, schedule, monitor, and report on activities related to projects
• Work in consultation with the Resource Management Office (RMO) to manage project staffing requirements

Requirements

• 3-5 years of experience in a project management/coordination role managing IT or Government based projects
• Exhibits good communication and negotiation skills, both written and oral
• Have excellent communication and organizational skills
• Knowledge of and experience with project management tools and methodologies
• Solid interpersonal, leadership, and analytical skills with business insight
• Experience establishing and contributing to process improvements
• Ability to work both as part of a team and on your own; ability to motivate project team and individual contributors and mediate conflicts
• Excellent customer-facing and internal communication skills
• Solid organizational skills including attention to detail and handling more than one project concurrently
• Technical knowledge of, and experience with, Red Hat-related solutions is a plus
• Project management certification will be looked upon favourably

Job Description:

• Support the Project Manager and engineers to deliver projects on time, within scope and budget.
• Manage project documentation and subcontractor coordination.
• Perform system setup, database configuration, and resolve technical/design issues.
• Provide IT infrastructure support (Microsoft & Linux environments).
• Handle network switch configuration and network device design within scope.
• Execute installation, debugging, and troubleshooting of IT systems.
• Guide site engineers and conduct knowledge transfer.
• Oversee project teams and subcontractors; lead and present project meetings.
• Track and report progress, following up on software development and site works.

Job Requirements:

• Degree/Diploma in IT, Computer Science/Engineering, Project Management, or related field.
• Minimum 7 years of relevant system experience.
• Experience in project management or IT systems deployment.
• Proficient in networking, SQL, and Windows OS.
• Knowledge of cybersecurity, database management (SQL), vulnerability assessment, software development concepts, and access control systems (e.g. CCTV, card readers).

EA Reg No: 20C0312

Job Description

We are looking for a Technical Customer Service Executive to join a growing app-based technology company supporting condominium and residential management systems. This role combines customer service excellence with hands-on technical troubleshooting, requiring a resourceful and proactive individual who is comfortable working with both systems and people.

You will support customers across various stakeholders, including residents, condominium management teams, and security personnel, ensuring issues are resolved efficiently while maintaining a high standard of service.

Working Location: Tai Seng, Singapore
5-day work week, based on roster rotation:

• Monday - Friday
• Tuesday - Saturday
• Wednesday - Sunday

Working Hours: 8:30AM - 5:30PM

Key Responsibilities:

• Respond promptly to customer enquiries and resolve technical issues related to systems and devices.
• Troubleshoot and support solutions involving lift lobby systems, guardhouse and security systems, facial recognition technology, and related devices.
• Communicate clearly with customers, and escalate complex technical issues to internal technicians or project teams when necessary.
• Ensure compliance with personal data protection requirements and safeguard customer information at all times.
• Review and standardise customer service responses to ensure consistency and service quality across all communication channels.
• Monitor customer feedback and implement service improvement initiatives to enhance customer satisfaction.
• Collaborate closely with internal teams to deliver seamless and effective resolutions.
• Track, analyse, and report on customer interactions, ensuring service KPIs such as response time and resolution rate are met.
• Perform follow-ups to ensure issues are fully resolved and customer expectations are satisfied.
• Contribute to customer service policies and proactive customer retention initiatives.

Job Requirements

• Proven experience in a customer service or support role.
• Strong communication and interpersonal skills, with the ability to explain technical matters clearly.
• Good problem-solving skills and the ability to troubleshoot independently.
• Knowledge of personal data protection regulations and best practices.
• Ability to work collaboratively across teams in a fast-paced environment.
• Detail-oriented and able to manage multiple priorities.
• Comfortable using Google Workspace and macOS.
• Prior experience providing technical or system support is an advantage.
• Must be willing to work weekends as part of a rotating roster.

Key Responsibilities:

• Undertake all stages of Projects, from start to end.
• Calculate quantity of material for the whole project.
• Timely coordination and follow up with the Plumber/ Main-contractor or Consultant.
• Preparation of Shop Drawings, Beam Penetration Drawing.
• Submission of the relevant documents (Risk Assessment and Safety Work Procedure, method statement, material catalogue) as required by the Site Main Contractor.
• Co-ordinate with the Project Manager, Project Engineer and/or Project Supervisor on the projects and emails, support sites with drawings and details.
• Co-ordinate and resolve all technical problems from sites.
• Attend major site meetings, Testing and Turn-on.
• Update drawings as required.
• Perform regular updates on project status for meetings.
• Track progress of sites.
• Co-ordinate with all other Engineers and Supervisors for site progress, logistics and manpower scheduling.
• Liaison with clients for remote trouble shooting and advice in servicing and maintenance
• Assist in scheduling Service Technicians and manpower coordination
• Assist in document submissions and controlling
• Tracking and follow-up for every service and maintenance cases
• Review project schedules and ensure timely submission of documents to Authorities.
• Ability to work closely with Engineer for various Project phases.
• All drawings and correspondences must be well documented.
• Any other ad-hoc duties as and when instructed by Management.

Job’s Holder Specification

• Possess a Diploma in Civil/Mechanical Engineering.
• Proficient in MS Office and AutoCAD.
• Lots of initiative and excellent organizational skills.
• Must possess integrity and drive.
• Ability to withstand emotional distress and work pressure.
• Possess excellent interpersonal skills- to deal with customers and external contacts.
• Good team leading skills.
• Ability to make good decisions.
• Possess class 3 driving license

Assist engineer to maintain the existing PLC and SCADA system, and build the new system, and trouble shooting for the control system and control panel, and prepare the electrical single line drawing using AutoCAD, and coordinate with customer to understand customer's requirement. We will provide on site training, and hope the candidate willing to learn.

Job Responsibilities:

Assist Marketing Function:

• Develop and implement marketing and product strategies with marketing management
• Formulate and implement promotional strategy and activity ie tools, materials, information, knowledge, event, show etc
• Support market release and switch-over plan for new product launch

Field Product & Technical Support to Sales Team and Customers:

• Provide product technical consultations and application advice to customers and sales team by recommending them SMC products solutions (electronics)
• Conduct technical assessments and proposals to customers
• Conduct new products information release/dissemination to sales team and customers

Job Requirements:

• Degree in Mechatronics/Electronics & Electrical Engineering with marketing knowledge preferred
• 2 to 3 years of relevant working experience with machine design knowledge as OEM would be advantageous
• Preferably familiar with industrial automation application experience
• Excellent command & high fluency in both spoken & written English
• Excellent communication, presentation and people skills
• Proficient with Microsoft, Adobe software, Fieldbus, IO-Link and OPC UA communication

Successful candidate will undergo orientation, OJT and practice

Job Descriptions:

• Lead and manage assigned projects of existing or new customers
• Work independently as a contact point with customer, communicate effectively with customers and provide all necessary services during the project phase
• Initiates, plans and monitors the project from launch through approval
• Lead and rally relevant resources from toolroom, production and QA to manage project activities
• Work closely with program leads to manage and report status of the tooling project by program
• Ensure proper handover of projects to production, including providing training to relevant parties if required
• Participate actively in Management initiatives to resolve critical issues, improve overall operational performance/productivities etc
• Recommend suitable material for processing based on customer inputs on required customer applications and material physical and mechanical properties
• Study new technical component drawing and advise feasibility of product manufacturabilty in terms of raw material required and Metal Injection Molding(MIM) process capability of dimensional tolerances and component shape and size
• Understand material properties for dicussion with metal powder supplier
• Troubleshoot process for solvent and thermal de-binding and sintering processes based on material and feedstock formulation
• Fine tuning of MIM process parameters to achieve optimum end product's physical and mechanical properties
• Development of new raw material for MIM process to expand material capability
• Recommend suitable testing and lab inspection methods to characterize metal powder properties

Requirements:

• Diploma/Degree in Material Science/Engineering
• At least 2 years in project management and involve in process development, optimization and improvement
• Basic understanding on material properties and metallurgy processing method, especially for different grades of stainless steel and low carbon alloys
• Possess strong technical analysis and problem-solving skills with a good understanding of SPC, FMEA and control plan
• Possess effective interpersonal and communication skills
• Good report writing and presentation skills
• Able to work independently and meet committed timeline to customer
• Resourceful, action-focused and result oriented team player
• Experience in healthcare/medical products or automotive products is a plus
• Proficiency in Microsoft office
• Familiar with the ISO13485/9001/16949 standards and any special CSR

Job Descriptions

• Monitor contractors' daily activity, site progress, schedule and safety on site
• Carry out administrative works and other duties as required by QP/Superintending Officer/Consultant/Employer
• To be overall in charge of the management and control of a team of site staff or Resident Technical Officer(s) in performing their duties on site so that they can provide satisfactory supervision and to take responsibility of their work and performance.
• Monitor progress of the works on site and and report delays immediately.
• Update contractor's work progress on site and highlight the site discrepancies.
• To oversee in all aspects relating to the construction of the Project, keeping and submitting record of works, materials, equipment at site, attending meetings, keeping minutes of meetings and discussions, assisting in the co-ordination of Contractor’s works with Consultants and any external parties like neighbouring contractors and utility companies.
• To provide wherever and whenever necessary standing supervision for the construction of civil and structural works in accordance to the Project specifications, construction drawings and Building Control Act and Regulations.

Requirements:

• Minimally a Degree in Civil Engineering recognized by the Professional Engineers Board.
• Must be registered as Resident Engineer (RE) with BCA/IES/ACES
• At least 8 years site supervisory experience in LTA/HDB projects.

We are seeking a talented and versatile Software Engineerwith strong UI/UX design experience to join our team. This role combinesfull-stack development with a deep understanding of user interface andexperience design. You'll be responsible for building, testing, and deployingapplications across various platforms and environments, with a keen eye forperformance, scalability, and user experience.

Key Responsibilities

• Design and develop responsive web applications using JavaScript, HTML, CSS, and modern frameworks.
• Build robust backend services using Python and PHP.
• Deploy and maintain applications across Linux/Unix/Windows environments.
• Participate in code reviews, testing, and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines.
• Integrate with cloud platforms such as AWS, Azure, and GCP.
• Apply knowledge of firewalls and networking to ensure secure application development and deployment.
• Participate in code reviews, testing, and continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines.

Required Qualification

• Bachelor's degree in Computer Science, Engineering, or related field, or equivalent practical experience.
• Proficient in Java, JavaScript, Python, PHP, HTML, and CSS.
• Experience designing and implementing UI/UX with a user-centric mindset.
• Strong understanding of network protocols, firewall configurations, and system security.
• Hands-on experience working in Ubuntu, Linux, and Windows Server environments.
• Familiarity with AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud Platform (GCP).
• Solid understanding of software development best practices, including version control and agile methodologies

JOB DESCRIPTION:

Plan, schedule, organize and co-ordinate site installation works of security and communication and related systems projects, which include;

• Planning and scheduling of site installation works;
• Monitor site installation progress of sub-contractors, prepare progress reports,
• Attend site and co-ordination meetings, and technical meetings, prepare site documentation
• Plan equipment installation schedules, and schedule system testing and interfacing works
• Reports to the Project Manager and assist in carrying out specific site related tasks.

Qualifications:

• Polytechnic Diploma/ Degree/ Master in Civil Engineering/Construction
• At least 2 years of relevant working experience
• Good team player, able to lead and multi task
• Excellent interpersonal and communication skills
• MS Office skills – Excel/Words/Powerpoint

JOB DESCRIPTION:

Plan, schedule, organize and co-ordinate site installation works of security and communication and related systems projects, which include;

• Planning and scheduling of site installation works;
• Monitor site installation progress of sub-contractors, prepare progress reports,
• Attend site and co-ordination meetings, and technical meetings, prepare site documentation
• Plan equipment installation schedules, and schedule system testing and interfacing works
• Reports to the Project Manager and assist in carrying out specific site related tasks.

Qualifications:

• Polytechnic Diploma/ Degree/ Master in Civil Engineering/Construction
• At least 2 years of relevant working experience
• Good team player, able to lead and multi task
• Excellent interpersonal and communication skills
• MS Office skills – Excel/Words/Powerpoint

As part of the DevOps team, you will build, maintain, and optimize infrastructure and deployment processes to enable secure, reliable, and fast software delivery.

Responsibilities:

• Design and manage CI/CD pipelines (GitLab CI/CD) to improve deployment speed and reliability
• Implement Infrastructure as Code using Terraform, Terragrunt, or Ansible
• Manage cloud environments (AWS preferred) and deployment pipelines across environments
• Deploy and operate containerized applications using Docker and Kubernetes
• Set up monitoring, logging, and tracing (Prometheus, Grafana, OpenTelemetry)
• Improve platform reliability through alerting, performance tuning, and automation
• Integrate security practices into CI/CD pipelines (DevSecOps)
• Automate workflows using scripting (Bash, Python)
• Manage application servers (JBoss, Apache) and messaging systems (RabbitMQ)
• Support infrastructure provisioning across servers, VMs, and containers

Requirements:

• Strong DevOps fundamentals with experience in Agile environments
• Hands-on experience with CI/CD tools (GitLab or similar)
• Solid experience with Terraform / Terragrunt / Ansible
• Experience with Docker and Kubernetes
• Good understanding of AWS and virtualization (VMware)
• Strong Linux/Windows administration skills
• Understanding of networking fundamentals (DNS, TCP/IP, load balancing, VPNs)
• Strong troubleshooting and problem-solving skills

Electrical Engineers have duties and responsibilities that focus on safety, sustainable devices and quality assurance. They design, develop and maintain electrical systems and parts for consumer and business electronics. Electrical Engineers provide support for electrical work in the manufacturing, transport and construction industries. Their duties and responsibilities include:

• Understanding and implementing designs from technical drawings
• Interacting with contractors and customers using verbal and written communication
• Making presentations to clients and coworkers
• Attending company meetings
• Creating product documentation and records
• Preparing cost estimates for customers and other employees
• Inspecting electrical components during and after the product installation
• Testing electronics for problems and proposing solutions

1. Electrical Wiring.

2. Piping Work.

3. Electrical DB Installation.

4. Manage Worker Like Supervisor.

5. Solar Work.
6. AUTO CAD

Job Title: Production Engineer

Location: Jurong Island, Singapore (Company transport provided from Jurong East)

Working Hours: 8:00 AM – 4:30 PM (Monday to Friday)

Key Responsibilities:

• Develop, review, and update process control documents, procedures, and operation condition sheets in collaboration with Production Superintendent and Day Supervisors.
• Identify and troubleshoot issues related to process efficiency, equipment performance, product yield, capacity, quality, and utility consumption.
• Manage and improve process control systems (DCS, SIS) and process data logging systems.
• Support trial production and test runs of new grades, processes, and equipment.
• Conduct feasibility studies for operational efficiency, energy conservation, and yield optimization; perform field tests to validate results.
• Provide technical support for Silo & Packaging processes and address technical aspects of customer complaints.
• Lead and participate in process safety assessments (HAZOP, LOPA, etc.) in support of HSE initiatives.
• Prepare and submit technical reports with recommendations for improvements and potential investment projects.
• Coordinate with technical teams for simulations, evaluations, and performance optimization.
• Perform basic engineering design for investment projects, including preparing marked-up P&IDs and technical documentation for cost estimation.
• Work closely with the Technical Department to prepare detailed designs, review vendor documents, conduct hazard analyses, and support commissioning.
• Maintain regular updates of P&IDs, instrument lists, and equipment lists.
• Other duties as assigned by the Manager.

Requirements:

• Bachelor’s degree in Science, Technology, or Engineering.
• At least 5 years of relevant engineering or production experience in the chemical industry.
• Experience with process control system design/optimization (DCS/SIS).
• Proficiency in reading and interpreting P&IDs.
• Knowledge of mass and heat balance in chemical processes.
• Demonstrated leadership and teamwork abilities.
• Strong communication, presentation, and analytical skills.
• Ability to prioritize and manage multiple projects simultaneously.
• Willingness to work overseas when required.
• Commissioning experience is required.

Manfield Employment Services Pte Ltd (Lic. No: 95C2823)

Posting Personnel: Quennie Chen

EA Personnel Reg No.: R1222837

Job Description

· Report to Project Manager, oversee the implementation of construction works and be responsible for coordinating with consultants and subcontractors on structural works/drawings to ensure timely completion and quality standards of the project.

· Overall in charge on Structural Coordinated Drawing Production (Concrete Body Plan), material and method statement submission, ensure accuracy and timely submission as per master program.

· Review and submit shop-drawings, RFI,RFA,MOS,MAS and etc.

· Ensure implementation of sustainable engineering procedures and guidelines.

· Effective communication and coordination between project participants.

· Lead structural coordination meeting, and prepare relevant meeting minutes.

· Liaise with clients, consultants, relevant authorities, and sub-contractors on Structural issues.

· In charge on B-score and C-score documentation.

· Handle any other ad-hoc duties and tasks assigned.

Requirements

· Degree in Civil/Structural Engineering or its equivalent.

· Minimum 3 years of relevant working experience in the construction industry.

· Excellent team spirit, good interpersonal skills, and “can-do” attitude.

· Relevant experience would be an added advantage.

· Proficient in Microsoft Office and Project Scheduling Software.

· Knowledge in BIM (revit) / VDC software is added advantage.

· Experience in B-score, C-score, and CSC Documentation is added advantage.

Job Descriptions

• Monitor progress against Program milestones for on-time completion.
• Monitor production rate, consumption of materials and provide feedback to Supervisor on resource allocation.
• Assist to check workmanship, quality against specifications in drawings and ITP requirements.
• Perform other quality tests as required.
• Ensure accurate record keeping and tracking of costs, e.g. assigning of cost codes, activity records, QA documentation, etc
• Understand Project drawings and job specifications.
• Assist in the preparation of method statements, ITP (inspection and test plan) documents, material approvals and job hazard analysis (JHA) and risk assessment on the assigned tasks and seek approval from Supervisor.
• Assist to Plan and order for equipment and material required on the tasks.
• Understand the HSE requirements based on LAIO internal framework, local regulations and contractual obligations.
• Communicate the same to subordinates and subcontractors, and monitor compliance on an on-going basis.
• Report non-compliance issues to the Supervisor and take corrective actions as directed.
• Participate in safety walks with the team, as scheduled.
• Salary Range: $4500 - $6500

Job Requirements

• Minimum 5 years for Diploma and 3 years for Degree holders.
• Basic Knowledge of Civil and Structural Engineering.
• Knowledge of Safety norms (internal to LAIO as well as local regulatory requirements)
• Diploma / Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering

· Good Pay + Good allowance + Good Bonus

• Assist the team with HMI graphics design and updates.
• Aid the team in implementing P&ID logic using Programmable Logic Controllers.
• Perform preventive and corrective maintenance at customer sites or premises.
• Help the team with cybersecurity vulnerability threat patching for project hardware and software.
• Provide support to the team in maintenance projects.

Requirements:

• Minimum a Diploma in Electrical/Computer Engineering.

·

· Good Pay + Good allowance + Good Bonus

· Interested candidates please send an updated Resume / CV in Ms Word format to lilian@recruitflash.com or WhatsApp’s your resume to 98332779 ( no Calls)

· Consultant in-charge : Quah Li Lian (Lilian) ( Registration No: R1983286 )

Job responsibility:

• Execute setup, commissioning, and decommissioning of semiconductor manufacturing equipment at customer sites.
• Troubleshoot and resolve technical issues to minimize equipment downtime and ensure optimal performance.
• Perform routine and preventive maintenance to uphold equipment reliability and operational efficiency.
• Deliver technical training to customers’ engineers on equipment operation, maintenance, and safety procedures.
• Provide on-site and remote technical support, ensuring a high standard of customer satisfaction and service quality.

Requirements:

• Diploma in Electrical / Electronics / Mechanical Engineering
• Excellent analytical skills with the ability to trouble-shoot and resolve technical issue
• Able to read electrical and mechanical diagrams
• Responsible, Positive Attitude and able to work independently with minimum supervision
• Prior experience working in semiconductor industry would be an added advantage

Job Description

· Report to Project Manager, oversee the implementation of construction works and be responsible for coordinating with consultants and subcontractors on structural works/drawings to ensure timely completion and quality standards of the project.

· Overall in charge on Structural Coordinated Drawing Production (Concrete Body Plan), material and method statement submission, ensure accuracy and timely submission as per master program.

· Review and submit shop-drawings, RFI,RFA,MOS,MAS and etc.

· Ensure implementation of sustainable engineering procedures and guidelines.

· Effective communication and coordination between project participants.

· Lead structural coordination meeting, and prepare relevant meeting minutes.

· Liaise with clients, consultants, relevant authorities, and sub-contractors on Structural issues.

· In charge on B-score and C-score documentation.

· Handle any other ad-hoc duties and tasks assigned.

Requirements

· Degree in Civil/Structural Engineering or its equivalent.

· Minimum 3 years of relevant working experience in the construction industry.

· Excellent team spirit, good interpersonal skills, and “can-do” attitude.

· Relevant experience would be an added advantage.

· Proficient in Microsoft Office and Project Scheduling Software.

· Knowledge in BIM (revit) / VDC software is added advantage.

· Experience in B-score, C-score, and CSC Documentation is added advantage.