Total 3,366 job vacancies in Singapore

Job Description & Requirements

Job Description & Requirements

-Able to plan, manage, and ensure smooth implementation and monitor projects assigned from inception to

completion on time and of the desired quality

-Supervise all construction workers

-Ensure that the work carried out at construction sites carried out are complying with safe work procedures

-Reports to the project team on work progress at construction sites

-Valid Class 3 driving Licence

Supervise and lead workers to perform on site work for Carpentry Formworks and reinforcement of concrete works.

· Ensure All Timber Formwork Structural reinforcement and job as per SS requirements

· Able to read drawings

· Able to carry out construction work involving Formwork /Reinforcement/Concreting

· Able to have Timber/ Aluminium/ Steel Structural Formwork acknowledge

· Able to do costing of Formwork materials

· Responsible for reading and interpreting drawing

· Calculation quantity of material requirement

· Monitor Shutter making and assembling process

· To take responsibly practicable, such measures as are necessary to ensurethat during the properly erected

1. Must be able to manage the construction job site.
2. Must be knowledgeable of the construction job site.
3. Must be able to control manpower.

4. Must be to plan for job/work

5. Must be able to work under pressure.

6. Must be able to work under the rain and sun.

7. Must be able to job site report to the boss.

Key Requirements:

• Diploma in Early Childhood Care and Education
• Minimum 3 years of experience in a pre-school setting
• Strong communication and interpersonal skills
• Positive working attitude and leadership capabilities
• PC literate

Key Responsibilities:

• Support the smooth daily operations of the Centre
• Supervise programme delivery and provide feedback to staff
• Manage staff scheduling and child-teacher ratios
• Coordinate activities, field trips, and centre maintenance
• Handle parent matters, reporting, and administrative duties
• Ensure a safe, clean, and conducive learning environment

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)
$3000 - $3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
Working Days: Monday to Friday | 8am - 5pm
Office Location: Mandai Estate

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Email: supreme.jacksontan@gmail.com

Tan Yong Zhi (Jackson) | Reg: R24124461

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte. Ltd | EA No: 14C7279

Site Supervisor – Outdoor Fiber Cabling (Manhole)

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Interested applicants kindly submit your resume through here or Whatsapp +65 9019 3218 (Joevy), and allow our Consultant to match you with our Clients. No Charges will be incurred by Candidates for any service rendered.

Tan Yu Jing Reg No: R26161199

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte Ltd EA No: 14C7279

• Monday to Friday
• 8am - 5pm
• $ 3000 - $ 3500 + OT + Company vehicle provided (or transport allowance)
• Mandai Estate, Innovation Tower 2

Job Description

We are seeking an experienced and hands-on Site Supervisor to oversee outdoor fiber optic cabling projects. You will manage daily ground operations, ensure safety compliance, and coordinate field teams working on underground manhole networks.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise field teams during outdoor fiber installation and pulling works.
• Oversee manhole operations ensuring strict compliance with public utility safety standards.
• Coordinate daily workflows and resolve on-site technical or deployment challenges swiftly.
• Liaise with project managers and clients regarding project progress and site updates.
• Enforce safety regulations to maintain a zero-accident working environment on-site.
   

Requirement

• Valid Singapore Class 3 driving license is required.
• Must be willing to work over weekends when project timelines demand.
• Prior experience in outdoor telecommunication cabling or manhole work is preferred.

The Supreme HR Advisory Pte. Ltd || 14C7279

Chua Jie Ying (Cai Jie Ying), Evelynn || EA Personnel License R24120580

• Prepares ingredients by following recipes;slicing, cutting, chopping, mincing, stirring,whipping, and mixing ingredients; adding seasonings; verifying taste; plating meals.

• Completes hot meal preparation by grilling,sautéing, roasting, frying, and broilingingredients and assembling and refrigerating cold ingredients.

• Adheres to proper food handling, sanitation, and safety procedures;maintains temperature and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) logs as required and maintains appropriate dating, labelling and rotation of all food items.

• Contributes to daily,holiday and theme menus in collaboration with supervisor.

• Maintains cleanliness and sanitation of equipment, food storage, and work areas.

• Completes cleaning according to daily and weekly schedules and dishwashing/pot washing.

• Listens to customer complaints and suggestions and resolves complaints.

• Implements suggestions within parameter of position and refers more complex concerns to supervisor.

• Participates in and/or contributes to programs,committees, or projects designed to improve quality of service and employee productivity.

• Maintains clean work areas, utensils, and equipment.

• Develop new menu items while improvising the existing ones.

• Maintain and manage kitchen expenses, food cost, inventory and staffing within the budgetary limits.

• Able to cook north Indian food.

• Able to do shift work.

• Assisting with the preparation of food and the serving of all meals to customers.

• Supervising a team to ensure that the kitchen and service areas are clean and tidy.

• Ensuring all food and health and safety regulations are followed.

Job Responsibilities

• Lead and supervise team members to meet daily targets.
• Assign tasks, monitor performance, and ensure work quality.
• Train, coach, and support staff; handle basic discipline issues.
• Ensure compliance with safety rules, SOPs, and company policies.
• Prepare simple reports, track attendance, and update management.
• Resolve day-to-day operational problems and customer/stakeholder issues.

Job Requirements

• Relevant experience in a supervisory/team-lead role.
• Knowledge of operations procedures and safety/quality standards.
• Basic computer skills (e.g., email, Excel/reporting).
• Willing to work shifts/overtime (if required).

We regret that only shortlisted candidates will be notified.

• Carry out marketing performance measures based on marketing objectives.
• Compare the outflow of money to the budget and report any issues.
• Convey the organisation's marketing communication requirements to the agencies.
• Determine marketing mix including campaigns, promotions and events.
• Develop an understanding of reporting metrics to improve marketing campaigns.
• Develop marketing budgets based on expenses.
• Develop marketing campaigns and communication content.
• Examine previous to prepare new budget document.
• Identify the most effective engagement platforms for targeted customers to achieve the desired return on investment (ROI).
• Monitor metrics to track the effectiveness of campaigns.
• Negotiate contracting terms with other agencies.
• Oversee the development of databases for campaign lifecycle management.
• Oversee the management of logistics for marketing campaigns.
• Plan marketing activities.
• Profile market segments and customers.
• Review of customer experience across various platforms.
• Review the range of current marketing efforts.
• Review the strengths and weaknesses of various media and advertising agencies.
• Select platforms suitable for marketing activities.
• Study trends in customer behaviour using viewership data.

• Prepares ingredients by following recipes;slicing, cutting, chopping, mincing, stirring,whipping, and mixing ingredients; adding seasonings; verifying taste; plating meals.

• Completes hot meal preparation by grilling,sautéing, roasting, frying, and broilingingredients and assembling and refrigerating cold ingredients.

• Adheres to proper food handling, sanitation, and safety procedures;maintains temperature and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) logs as required and maintains appropriate dating, labelling and rotation of all food items.

• Contributes to daily,holiday and theme menus in collaboration with supervisor.

• Maintains cleanliness and sanitation of equipment, food storage, and work areas.

• Completes cleaning according to daily and weekly schedules and dishwashing/pot washing.

• Listens to customer complaints and suggestions and resolves complaints.

• Implements suggestions within parameter of position and refers more complex concerns to supervisor.

• Participates in and/or contributes to programs,committees, or projects designed to improve quality of service and employee productivity.

• Maintains clean work areas, utensils, and equipment.

• Develop new menu items while improvising the existing ones.

• Maintain and manage kitchen expenses, food cost, inventory and staffing within the budgetary limits.

• Able to cook north Indian food.

• Able to do shift work.

• Assisting with the preparation of food and the serving of all meals to customers.

• Supervising a team to ensure that the kitchen and service areas are clean and tidy.

• Ensuring all food and health and safety regulations are followed.

• Supervise multiple teams of cleaners in multiple cleaning projects
• Train cleaners and team leaders on service standards and provide help and guidance when necessary
• Assist in planning work schedules and deployment of manpower
• Monitor and follow up on compliance with cleaning procedures, workplace safety and tender specifications
• Implement operation plans to improve work processes and service quality
• Monitor cleaning material stock level and re-order materials when needed with customers
• Check cleaning equipment condition
• Monitor cleaning material stock level and re-order materials when needed
• Solve operational problems and make decisions
• Submit daily cleaning report
• Facilitate effective communication and engagement at the workplace

Singaporean and PR only.

Supervisor Responsibilities:

• Making sure employees that report to you meet performance expectations.
• Giving instructions or orders to subordinate employees.
• Ensuring that the work environment is safe, secure and healthy.
• Meeting deadlines.
• Approving work hours.
• Ensure great customer service at all levels.

Supervisor Requirements:

• Previous leadership experience.
• Excellent communication skills.
• Eye for detail and accuracy.
• Reliable, with high integrity and strong work ethic.
• Ability to work as part of a team.
• Professional appearance and attitude.
• Computer literacy.
• Proactive organizational skills.
• High school diploma.
• Ability to keep a positive attitude in a fast-paced environment.

The Production Supervisor / Area Owner is responsible for supervising daily production operations within the Battery Recycling Plant, ensuring effective production planning, process stability, and quality performance. This role leads production operators, monitors output, manages resources, and ensures work is carried out safely, efficiently, and in accordance with established work instructions and quality standards.

In this role, you will work closely with Engineering and Maintenance teams to support continuous improvement initiatives, investigate non‑conformances, and improve productivity and equipment utilisation. You will also be accountable for workforce capability, performance reporting, housekeeping standards, and operational discipline, contributing to reliable and sustainable manufacturing operations.

• Prepares ingredients by following recipes;slicing, cutting, chopping, mincing, stirring,whipping, and mixing ingredients; adding seasonings; verifying taste; plating meals.

• Completes hot meal preparation by grilling,sautéing, roasting, frying, and broilingingredients and assembling and refrigerating cold ingredients.

• Adheres to proper food handling, sanitation, and safety procedures;maintains temperature and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) logs as required and maintains appropriate dating, labelling and rotation of all food items.

• Contributes to daily,holiday and theme menus in collaboration with supervisor.

• Maintains cleanliness and sanitation of equipment, food storage, and work areas.

• Completes cleaning according to daily and weekly schedules and dishwashing/pot washing.

• Listens to customer complaints and suggestions and resolves complaints.

• Implements suggestions within parameter of position and refers more complex concerns to supervisor.

• Participates in and/or contributes to programs,committees, or projects designed to improve quality of service and employee productivity.

• Maintains clean work areas, utensils, and equipment.

• Develop new menu items while improvising the existing ones.

• Maintain and manage kitchen expenses, food cost, inventory and staffing within the budgetary limits.

• Able to cook north Indian food.

• Able to do shift work.

• Assisting with the preparation of food and the serving of all meals to customers.

• Supervising a team to ensure that the kitchen and service areas are clean and tidy.

• Ensuring all food and health and safety regulations are followed.

About the Role

Grace Fire Pte Ltd is seeking a reliable and proactive Supervisor to oversee day-to-day operations and lead a team of staff in delivering work to a high standard. The Supervisor ensures that tasks are completed safely, efficiently, and on schedule, while maintaining workplace safety and quality standards.

Key Responsibilities

• Supervise, coordinate, and allocate daily tasks to team members to meet operational targets
• Monitor work progress and quality, ensuring jobs are completed on time and to required standards
• Enforce compliance with Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) regulations and company policies
• Conduct toolbox briefings, attendance tracking, and basic on-site reporting
• Train, guide, and motivate team members, addressing performance and conduct issues
• Liaise with management, clients, and other departments to resolve operational issues
• Maintain proper records of work done, materials used, and equipment condition
• Identify and escalate problems, risks, or resource shortfalls to management promptly
• Support stock, equipment, and inventory management as required

Requirements

• Minimum GCE 'N'/'O' Level or relevant ITE/Nitec qualification
• At least 2 years of supervisory or relevant working experience
• Strong leadership, communication, and problem-solving skills
• Able to plan, prioritise, and work well under pressure
• Basic knowledge of WSH practices (relevant safety certifications an advantage)
• Class 3 driving licence preferred (if travel between sites is required)

What We Offer

• Competitive salary with overtime and allowances
• Career progression opportunities within a growing company
• Supportive and team-oriented work environment

·        Proven experience as supervisor or relevant role

·        Familiarity with company policies and legal guidelines of the field

·        Ability to learn a variety of job descriptions

·        Excellent communication and interpersonal skills

·        Outstanding organizational and leadership skills

·        Good knowledge of MS Office

·       Supervise employees to help ensureefficiency and productivity.

·       Perform administrative tasks under theguidance of the supervisor, such as documenting procedures and creatingguidelines.

·       Assist the supervisor in hiring newpersonnel by reviewing applications and performing initial meetings withcandidates.

·       Participate in company trainingseminars in order to help the company move forward.

·       Train new hires on the job oncethey’ve completed initial training with the supervisor.

·       Bring any employee concerns to thesupervisor in order to ensure company morale.

• Prepares ingredients by following recipes;slicing, cutting, chopping, mincing, stirring,whipping, and mixing ingredients; adding seasonings; verifying taste; plating meals.

• Completes hot meal preparation by grilling,sautéing, roasting, frying, and broilingingredients and assembling and refrigerating cold ingredients.

• Adheres to proper food handling, sanitation, and safety procedures;maintains temperature and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) logs as required and maintains appropriate dating, labelling and rotation of all food items.

• Contributes to daily,holiday and theme menus in collaboration with supervisor.

• Maintains cleanliness and sanitation of equipment, food storage, and work areas.

• Completes cleaning according to daily and weekly schedules and dishwashing/pot washing.

• Listens to customer complaints and suggestions and resolves complaints.

• Implements suggestions within parameter of position and refers more complex concerns to supervisor.

• Participates in and/or contributes to programs,committees, or projects designed to improve quality of service and employee productivity.

• Maintains clean work areas, utensils, and equipment.

• Develop new menu items while improvising the existing ones.

• Maintain and manage kitchen expenses, food cost, inventory and staffing within the budgetary limits.

• Able to cook north Indian food.

• Able to do shift work.

• Assisting with the preparation of food and the serving of all meals to customers.

• Supervising a team to ensure that the kitchen and service areas are clean and tidy.

• Ensuring all food and health and safety regulations are followed.